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Additional reporting by Amelia Shone-Adams and Greg Davies，更多细节参见Telegram 官网
Machine-learning systems learn by finding patterns in enormous quantities of data, but first that data has to be sorted, labeled, and produced by people. ChatGPT got its startling fluency from thousands of humans hired by companies such as Scale AI and Surge AI to write examples of things a helpful chatbot assistant would say and to grade its best responses. A little over a year ago, concerns began to mount in the industry about a plateau in the technology’s progress. Training models based on this type of grading yielded chatbots that were very good at sounding smart but still too unreliable to be useful. The exception was software engineering, where the ability of models to automatically check whether bits of code worked — did the code compile, did it print HELLO WORLD — allowed them to trial-and-error their way to genuine competence.，更多细节参见谷歌
The optimal configuration was $(45, 52)$: layers 0 through 51 run first, then layers 45 through 79 run again. Layers 45 to 51 execute twice. Seven extra layers, near the middle of the 80-layer stack, bringing the total parameter count from 72B to 78B. Every extra layer is an exact copy of an existing one. No new weights or training, just the model repeating itself.，详情可参考超级权重
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